Increase of cells expressing PD-L1 in bovine leukemia virus infection and enhancement of anti-viral immune responses in vitro via PD-L1 blockade

Abstract The inhibitory receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are involved in immune evasion mechanisms for several pathogens causing chronic infections.Blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway restores anti-virus immune responses, with concomitant reduction in viral load.In a roue zonda disc previous report

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